Determining stories of interest based on quality of unconnected content

ABSTRACT

A system identifies unconnected content items of high quality and provides the unconnected content items for display to a user. The method comprises receiving several content items posted on pages of a social networking system. The system then determines a subset of those content items (e.g., high quality content items). A topic is then extracted from each of the subset of content items. The topic is mapped to one or more related pages of the social networking system that represent an expanded set of pages associated with the content item. For each of the related pages, a user is identified who is connected to the related page. Finally, the content item (e.g., a high quality content item) is provided to the user for display in the user&#39;s newsfeed.

BACKGROUND

This invention relates generally to the selection of content forpresentation to a user of a social networking system.

A user of the social networking system may like or follow a page inwhich he is interested, in order to receive updates in his newsfeed whenthe page posts new content. For example, if a user is a fan of aparticular public figure, he might choose to fan a page of a publicfigure, and as posts are made on that public figure page, the user canreceive updates about those posts. Other pages that are related to thefollowed page may exist on the social networking system. The user maynot be aware of the other pages but may still be interested in receivingupdates from the other pages because the posted content from the otherpages is relevant to the followed page. For example, there might beother pages that have regular posts about the public figure, and theuser may not be connected to these other pages, but might be interestedin following them if he was aware of these pages. Therefore, a method isneeded to identify content related to a user's interest and to providethe related content to the user.

SUMMARY

A method is described for identifying unconnected content items of highquality and providing the unconnected content items for display to auser. The method comprises receiving a several content items posted onpages of a social networking system. The content items may be statusupdates, posts, photos, or other content posted on a page, such as auser profile page, a business page, a public figure page, a group page,or an organization page. The content items may be posted within thesocial networking system or may be cross-posts made on another socialnetworking system or other site that also provides the posted contentwithin the social networking system. A processor then determines asubset of the content items. The subset of content items can bedetermined as high quality content items. A high quality content item isa content item that provides useful, relevant, or informativeinformation. For example, a poorly written and meaningless status updateor a post considered as spam would not be considered to be a highquality content item. The quality of a content item may be determined byperforming a lexical analysis on the content item and determining thenumber of spelling and grammatical errors. The quality score of thecontent item may be inversely proportional to the number of errors thecontent item contains. A topic is then extracted from each of the highquality content items. The processor then maps the topic to one or morerelated pages of the social networking system that represent an expandedset of pages associated with the high quality content item. For each ofthe related pages, a user is identified that is connected to the relatedpage. Finally, the high quality content item is provided to the user fordisplay in the user's newsfeed.

As one example, if a user has liked a public figure's fan page, the usermight be interested in receiving high quality posts from other pagesthat post information about the public figure, such as from a generalnews page posting the latest news about the public figure. A generalnews page though may not be connected to the public figure's fan page inthe social networking system. Posts from that page may not be availableon the fan page since some of the posts may be about less favorable newsfor the public figure that the fan page is unlikely to share. Yet, theuser may wish to have access to all of this content. The socialnetworking system can provide these unconnected stories of interest byidentifying high quality content items (e.g., the posts about the publicfigure on the news page), mapping topics from these posts to relatedpages (e.g., mapping to the public figure's fan page or to a meta pageassociated with the fan page), and identifying users who have likedthose related pages (e.g., liked the public figure fan page) to whom itcan provide the high quality news page posts about the public figure.Though the user is not connected to the news page, he can receive highquality posts about the public figure from that page and others due tohis connection to the public figure's fan page.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system environment in which a socialnetworking system operates, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a social networking system, in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram representing the relationships between pages,content items, and users of a social networking system, in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the method for determining a storyof interest to present to a user, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the method for determining a storyof interest to present to a user, in accordance with a differentembodiment of the invention.

The figures depict various embodiments of the present invention forpurposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readilyrecognize from the following discussion that alternative embodiments ofthe structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed withoutdeparting from the principles of the invention described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

System Architecture

FIG. 1 is a high level block diagram of a system environment 100 for asocial networking system 140. The system environment 100 shown by FIG. 1comprises one or more client devices 110, a network 120, one or morethird-party systems 130, and the social networking system 140. Inalternative configurations, different and/or additional components maybe included in the system environment 100. The embodiments describedherein can be adapted to online systems that are not social networkingsystems.

The client devices 110 are one or more computing devices capable ofreceiving user input as well as transmitting and/or receiving data viathe network 120. In one embodiment, a client device 110 is aconventional computer system, such as a desktop or laptop computer.Alternatively, a client device 110 may be a device having computerfunctionality, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobiletelephone, a smartphone or another suitable device. A client device 110is configured to communicate via the network 120. In one embodiment, aclient device 110 executes an application allowing a user of the clientdevice 110 to interact with the social networking system 140. Forexample, a client device 110 executes a browser application to enableinteraction between the client device 110 and the social networkingsystem 140 via the network 120. In another embodiment, a client device110 interacts with the social networking system 140 through anapplication programming interface (API) running on a native operatingsystem of the client device 110, such as IOS® or ANDROID™.

The client devices 110 are configured to communicate via the network120, which may comprise any combination of local area and/or wide areanetworks, using both wired and/or wireless communication systems. In oneembodiment, the network 120 uses standard communications technologiesand/or protocols. For example, the network 120 includes communicationlinks using technologies such as Ethernet, 802.11, worldwideinteroperability for microwave access (WiMAX), 3G, 4G, code divisionmultiple access (CDMA), digital subscriber line (DSL), etc. Examples ofnetworking protocols used for communicating via the network 120 includemultiprotocol label switching (MPLS), transmission controlprotocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), hypertext transport protocol(HTTP), simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), and file transfer protocol(FTP). Data exchanged over the network 120 may be represented using anysuitable format, such as hypertext markup language (HTML) or extensiblemarkup language (XML). In some embodiments, all or some of thecommunication links of the network 120 may be encrypted using anysuitable technique or techniques.

One or more third party systems 130 may be coupled to the network 120for communicating with the social networking system 140, which isfurther described below in conjunction with FIG. 2. In one embodiment, athird party system 130 is an application provider communicatinginformation describing applications for execution by a client device 110or communicating data to client devices 110 for use by an applicationexecuting on the client device. In other embodiments, a third partysystem 130 provides content or other information for presentation via aclient device 110. A third party website 130 may also communicateinformation to the social networking system 140, such as advertisements,content, or information about an application provided by the third partywebsite 130.

FIG. 2 is an example block diagram of an architecture of the socialnetworking system 140. The social networking system 140 shown in FIG. 2includes a user profile store 205, a content store 210, an action logger215, an action log 220, an edge store 225, a newsfeed manager 230, atopic extraction engine 235, a mapping module 240, a quality module 245,and a web server 250. In other embodiments, the social networking system140 may include additional, fewer, or different components for variousapplications. Conventional components such as network interfaces,security functions, load balancers, failover servers, management andnetwork operations consoles, and the like are not shown so as to notobscure the details of the system architecture.

Each user of the social networking system 140 is associated with a userprofile, which is stored in the user profile store 205. A user profileincludes declarative information about the user that was explicitlyshared by the user and may also include profile information inferred bythe social networking system 140. In one embodiment, a user profileincludes multiple data fields, each describing one or more attributes ofthe corresponding user of the social networking system 140. Examples ofinformation stored in a user profile include biographic, demographic,and other types of descriptive information, such as work experience,educational history, gender, hobbies or preferences, location and thelike. A user profile may also store other information provided by theuser, for example, images or videos. In certain embodiments, images ofusers may be tagged with identification information of users of thesocial networking system 140 displayed in an image. A user profile inthe user profile store 205 may also maintain references to actions bythe corresponding user performed on content items in the content store210 and stored in the action log 220.

While user profiles in the user profile store 205 are frequentlyassociated with individuals, allowing individuals to interact with eachother via the social networking system 140, user profiles may also bestored for entities such as businesses or organizations. This allows anentity to establish a presence on the social networking system 140 forconnecting and exchanging content with other social networking systemusers. The entity may post information about itself, about its productsor provide other information to users of the social networking systemusing a brand page associated with the entity's user profile. Otherusers of the social networking system may connect to the brand page toreceive information posted to the brand page or to receive informationfrom the brand page. A user profile associated with the brand page mayinclude information about the entity itself, providing users withbackground or informational data about the entity.

The content store 210 stores objects that each represent various typesof content. Examples of content represented by an object include a pagepost, a status update, a photograph, a video, a link, a shared contentitem, a gaming application achievement, a check-in event at a localbusiness, a brand page, or any other type of content. Social networkingsystem users may create objects stored by the content store 210, such asstatus updates, photos tagged by users to be associated with otherobjects in the social networking system, events, groups or applications.In some embodiments, objects are received from third-party applicationsor third-party applications separate from the social networking system140. In one embodiment, objects in the content store 210 representsingle pieces of content, or content “items.” Hence, users of the socialnetworking system 140 are encouraged to communicate with each other byposting text and content items of various types of media through variouscommunication channels. This increases the amount of interaction ofusers with each other and increases the frequency with which usersinteract within the social networking system 140.

The action logger 215 receives communications about user actionsinternal to and/or external to the social networking system 140,populating the action log 220 with information about user actions.Examples of actions include adding a connection to another user, sendinga message to another user, uploading an image, reading a message fromanother user, viewing content associated with another user, attending anevent posted by another user, among others. In addition, a number ofactions may involve an object and one or more particular users, so theseactions are associated with those users as well and stored in the actionlog 220.

The action log 220 may be used by the social networking system 140 totrack user actions on the social networking system 140, as well asactions on third party systems 130 that communicate information to thesocial networking system 140. Users may interact with various objects onthe social networking system 140, and information describing theseinteractions are stored in the action log 210. Examples of interactionswith objects include: commenting on posts, sharing links, andchecking-in to physical locations via a mobile device, accessing contentitems, and any other interactions. Additional examples of interactionswith objects on the social networking system 140 that are included inthe action log 220 include: commenting on a photo album, communicatingwith a user, establishing a connection with an object, joining an eventto a calendar, joining a group, creating an event, authorizing anapplication, using an application, expressing a preference for an object(“liking” the object) and engaging in a transaction. Additionally, theaction log 220 may record a user's interactions with advertisements onthe social networking system 140 as well as with other applicationsoperating on the social networking system 140. In some embodiments, datafrom the action log 220 is used to infer interests or preferences of auser, augmenting the interests included in the user's user profile andallowing a more complete understanding of user preferences.

The action log 220 may also store user actions taken on a third partysystem 130, such as an external website, and communicated to the socialnetworking system 140. For example, an e-commerce website that primarilysells sporting equipment at bargain prices may recognize a user of asocial networking system 140 through a social plug-in enabling thee-commerce website to identify the user of the social networking system140. Because users of the social networking system 140 are uniquelyidentifiable, e-commerce websites, such as this sporting equipmentretailer, may communicate information about a user's actions outside ofthe social networking system 140 to the social networking system 140 forassociation with the user. Hence, the action log 220 may recordinformation about actions users perform on a third party system 130,including webpage viewing histories, advertisements that were engaged,purchases made, and other patterns from shopping and buying.

In one embodiment, an edge store 225 stores information describingconnections between users and other objects on the social networkingsystem 140 as edges. Some edges may be defined by users, allowing usersto specify their relationships with other users. For example, users maygenerate edges with other users that parallel the users' real-liferelationships, such as friends, co-workers, partners, and so forth.Other edges are generated when users interact with objects in the socialnetworking system 140, such as expressing interest in a page on thesocial networking system, sharing a link with other users of the socialnetworking system, and commenting on posts made by other users of thesocial networking system.

In one embodiment, an edge may include various features eachrepresenting characteristics of interactions between users, interactionsbetween users and object, or interactions between objects. For example,features included in an edge describe rate of interaction between twousers, how recently two users have interacted with each other, the rateor amount of information retrieved by one user about an object, or thenumber and types of comments posted by a user about an object. Thefeatures may also represent information describing a particular objector user. For example, a feature may represent the level of interest thata user has in a particular topic, the rate at which the user logs intothe social networking system 140, or information describing demographicinformation about a user. Each feature may be associated with a sourceobject or user, a target object or user, and a feature value. A featuremay be specified as an expression based on values describing the sourceobject or user, the target object or user, or interactions between thesource object or user and target object or user; hence, an edge may berepresented as one or more feature expressions.

The edge store 225 also stores information about edges, such as affinityscores for objects, interests, and other users. Affinity scores, or“affinities,” may be computed by the social networking system 140 overtime to approximate a user's affinity for an object, interest, and otherusers in the social networking system 140 based on the actions performedby the user. A user's affinity may be computed by the social networkingsystem 140 over time to approximate a user's affinity for an object,interest, and other users in the social networking system 140 based onthe actions performed by the user. Computation of affinity is furtherdescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/978,265, filed on Dec.23, 2010, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/690,254, filed on Nov. 30,2012, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/689,969, filed on Nov. 30,2012, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/690,088, filed on Nov. 30,2012, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.Multiple interactions between a user and a specific object may be storedas a single edge in the edge store 225, in one embodiment.Alternatively, each interaction between a user and a specific object isstored as a separate edge. In some embodiments, connections betweenusers may be stored in the user profile store 205, or the user profilestore 205 may access the edge store 225 to determine connections betweenusers.

In one embodiment, the social networking system 140 identifies storieslikely to be of interest to a user through a “newsfeed” presented to theuser. A story presented to a user describes an action taken by anadditional user connected to the user and identifies the additionaluser. In some embodiments, a story describing an action performed by auser may be accessible to users not connected to the user that performedthe action. The newsfeed manager 230 may generate stories forpresentation to a user based on information in the action log 220 and inedge store 225 or may select candidate stories included in content store210. One or more of the candidate stories are selected and presented toa user by the newsfeed manager 230.

For example, the newsfeed manager 230 receives a request to present oneor more stories to a social networking system user. The newsfeed manager230 accesses one or more of the user profile store 105, the contentstore 110, the action log 120, and the edge store 130 to retrieveinformation about the identified user. For example, stories or otherdata associated with users connected to the identified user areretrieved. The retrieved stories or other data is analyzed by thenewsfeed manager 230 to identify content likely to be relevant to theidentified user. For example, stories associated with users notconnected to the identified user or stories associated with users forwhich the identified user has less than a threshold affinity arediscarded as candidate stories. Based on various criteria, the newsfeedmanager 230 selects one or more of the candidate stories forpresentation to the identified user.

In various embodiments, the newsfeed manager 230 presents stories to auser through a newsfeed, which includes a plurality of stories selectedfor presentation to the user. The newsfeed may include a limited numberof stories or may include a complete set of candidate stories. Thenumber of stories included in a newsfeed may be determined in part by auser preference included in user profile store 230. The newsfeed manager230 may also determine the order in which selected stories are presentedvia the newsfeed. For example, the newsfeed manager 230 determines thata user has a highest affinity for a specific user and increases thenumber of stories in the newsfeed associated with the specific user ormodifies the positions in the newsfeed where stories associated with thespecific user are presented.

The newsfeed manager 230 may also account for actions by a userindicating a preference for types of stories and selects stories havingthe same, or similar, types for inclusion in the newsfeed. Additionally,newsfeed manager 210 may analyze stories received by social networkingsystem 120 from various users and obtains information about userpreferences or actions from the analyzed stories. This information maybe used to refine subsequent selection of stories for newsfeedspresented to various users.

The social networking system 140 includes a topic extraction engine 235,which identifies one or more topics associated with objects in thecontent store 110. To identify topics associated with content items, thetopic extraction engine 235 identifies anchor terms included in acontent item and determines a meaning of the anchor terms as furtherdescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/167,701, filed Jun. 24,2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Forexample, the topic extraction engine 235 determines one or more topicsassociated with a content item maintained in the content store 110. Theone or more topics associated with a content item are stored andassociated with an object identifier corresponding to the content item.In various embodiments, associations between object identifiers andtopics are stored in the topic extraction engine 235 or in the contentstore 110 to simplify retrieval of one or more topics associated with anobject identifier or retrieval of object identifiers associated with aspecified topic. Structured information associated with a content itemmay also be used to extract a topic associated with the content item.

The social networking system 140 includes a quality determination module240. Some pages of the social networking system 140 may generate contentitems that are low quality and do not provide substantial or interestinginformation to users. Other pages on the social networking system 140may generate content items that are high quality and provide interestinginformation for users. The quality determination module 240 uses avariety of methods to determine the quality of a content item posted bya page in a social networking system 140. In some embodiments, thequality determination module 240 performs lexical or semantic analysison a content item to determine whether the content item is high quality.The quality determination module 240 may also take into accountcharacteristics such as whether the content item is trending, whetherthe content item contains spam, or whether the content item containscalls to action. The quality determination module 240 identifies contentitems of high quality to present to unconnected users, as furtherdescribed below with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.

The social networking system 140 includes a mapping module 245 toidentify content items which may be of interest to users. A user of thesocial networking system 140 may “like” or follow a page because he isinterested in the content posted by the page. However, the socialnetworking system 140 may contain other pages that also relate to andpost similar content that the user is not aware of, and therefore hasnot liked, followed, fanned, established a connection with, joined anevent or group associated with, created an event for, engaged in atransaction associated with (either on the social networking system oroutside of the social networking system on an external system),authorized or used an application regarding, expressed a preference for,shared, commented on, or otherwise taken an action that indicates theuser's intent to receive content from the page or entity associated withthe page. The mapping module 245 uses a variety of methods to identifyand group pages with related content. In some embodiments, the mappingmodule 245 utilizes a topic extracted from each page by the topicextraction engine 235. In other embodiments, the mapping module 245 usesco-interaction statistics or other methods to identify related pages. Insome embodiments, the quality determination module 240 and mappingmodule 245 may be the same entity.

The web server 250 links the social networking system 140 via thenetwork 120 to the one or more client devices 110, as well as to the oneor more third party systems 130. The web server 140 serves web pages, aswell as other web-related content, such as JAVA®, FLASH®, XML and soforth. The web server 250 may receive and route messages between thesocial networking system 140 and the client device 110, for example,instant messages, queued messages (e.g., email), text messages, shortmessage service (SMS) messages, or messages sent using any othersuitable messaging technique. A user may send a request to the webserver 250 to upload information (e.g., images or videos) that arestored in the content store 210. Additionally, the web server 250 mayprovide application programming interface (API) functionality to senddata directly to native client device operating systems, such as IOS®,ANDROID™, WEBOS® or RIM®.

Determining Unconnected Stories of Interest

FIG. 3 is an example block diagram depicting the content associationrelationships between pages, content items, and users of the socialnetworking system 140. The social networking system 140 may contain aplurality of pages 305. A page in the social networking system 140 maybe a profile page of a user, a page associated with a business ororganization, or any other page type as described above with referenceto FIG. 2. Although only two pages 305A and 305B are shown, it is notedthat the social networking system 140 may contain any number of pages305, and that only two are shown in FIG. 3 for the sake of simplicity.Each page 305 posts one or more content items D10. A content item 310may be a status update, a photo, a shared link, or any other contentitem type as described above with reference to FIG. 2. A topic 315 isthen extracted from each content item 310 by the topic extraction engine235. Though FIG. 3 depicts a single topic 315 being extracted from eachcontent item D10, multiple topics 315 may be extracted from each contentitem 310 in other embodiments. Additionally, although the content items310 share a similar topic 315 in FIG. 3, it is likely that in otherembodiments, multiple content items 310 may not share a single topic315, thus resulting in a plurality of topics 315. In some embodiments,the quality determination module 240 may have already selected the pages305 and content items 310 depicted in FIG. 3 as being pages and contentitems of high quality. Therefore, content items 310 may be high qualitycontent items. The mapping module 245 may then map the topic 315 to arelated page 320 which a user 325 has liked or followed, as furtherdescribed below with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. The user 325 may beproviding input through a client device 110 as described above withreference to FIG. 1. Mapping the topic to a related page can includemapping to a meta page associated with the related page. A meta page isa page that includes certain meta data about the page. Meta-pages arealso described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/295,000, filed onNov. 11, 2011, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/294,998, filed onNov. 11, 2011, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/295,001, filed onNov. 11, 2011, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.The newsfeed manager 230 may then decide to present the content items310 to the user 325. FIG. 3 depicts how an unconnected content item 310may be identified to present to a user 325, even though the user 325 isnot directly connected to the page 305 producing the content item D10.

Mapping of content within a social networking system may be performed intopic space. Semantic and lexical analysis is performed over a corpus ofarticles in an encyclopedia or other knowledge database. The content isthen tokenized into grams, and each gram is mapped to a distribution ofrelated articles in the knowledge database. The distributions for eachgram of a content or topic are combined, producing a mapping of contentin topic space. In some embodiments, the knowledge database may be anonline encyclopedia, such as Wikipedia.

Content within a social networking may be mapped in page space byperforming audience modeling. A set of fans engaging with a set ofcontent is identified. The high quality content from the set of contentare identified, as further described below with reference to FIG. 4. Thehigh quality content is tabulated with multiplicity and importancestatistics are then calculated of the tabulations, producing a vectordescription of the content in page space. In some embodiments, contentin the social networking system may be mapped to an associated articlein an encyclopedia, such as Wikipedia. This process is called meta-pageclustering, which is also described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/295,000, filed on Nov. 11, 2011, U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/294,998, filed on Nov. 11, 2011, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/295,001, filed on Nov. 11, 2011, which are incorporated by referencein their entireties. Mapping the vector description of content in pagespace through meta-page clustering provides a description of content intopic space.

The social networking system may also model users based on the pagesthey fan and the content they consume. The pages a user fans may beindicative of location, demographic, and other descriptive featuresrelated to the user's taste. For example, a user may like a pageassociated with a coffee shop in a particular neighborhood. Based onthis fanning of a page, the social networking system may determine thatthe user currently resides in or near the particular neighborhood. Thecontent a user consumes is also tracked and is measured in a processcalled topic interaction history. The social networking systemidentifies and records the topics associated with each page or contentitem with which a user interacts. The history of topics associated witha user may be indicative of the user's interests and preferences. Thisuser interest modeling can then be used as a factor in determining whattopics may be of interest to a given user and thus what content items orstories might be of interest to the user.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example flowchart of a method for identifyingstories of interest for presentation in a user's newsfeed. The socialnetworking system 140 receives 405 a plurality of content items. Thesecontent items may be status updates, shared photos, or a variety ofother content item types as described above with reference to FIG. 2,and may be posted by a page representing an individual, business, group,or other entity.

The quality determination module 240 then determines which of thereceived content items are high quality content items 410. A contentitem may be deemed to be of high quality if the information presented inthe content item is informative, relevant, or well organized. Forexample, a post on a user's profile page with a link to a news articleand a well-written summary may be considered to be a high qualitycontent item, while a poorly written and meaningless status update maynot be considered to be a high quality content item. In one example, acontent item is deemed high quality if it has more than threshold numberof positive indicators of quality as determined by the qualitydetermination module 240. The quality determination module 240 may use avariety of methods to determine whether a content item is of highquality. In some embodiments, the quality determination module 240 mayuse machine learning trained classifiers that rely on the discovery andmeasurement of features of the content items and content itemsproducers. In some embodiments, the content item producers are the pageswhich post the content item, such as an individual user's profile pagethat posts a status update.

One example of a classifier that the quality detection module 240 mayuse is user behavior. The quality detection module 240 may measure andcompare user behavior for organically provided content items versusshared content items. A content item is organically viewed if users ofthe social networking system 140 viewed the content item directly intheir newsfeed or on the originating page. A content item is shared ifusers of the social networking system 140 viewed the content itembecause the content item was shared by another entity, such as anotheruser or another page. User behavior may include click-through rate,comment-through rate, re-share rate, and hide rate. Click-through rateis the number of users who click on a link posted by a content provider.Comment-through rate is the number of users who comment on a contentitem posted by a content provider. Re-share rate is the number of userswho share a content item posted by a content provider. Hide rate is thenumber of users who hide a content item from the user's newsfeed. Oftentimes, if the measured user behavior for a shared view of a content itemis within a threshold value of measured user behavior for organic viewsof the same content item, the content item is likely to be high quality.

The quality determination module 240 may also take into considerationthe history of a content producer as a classifier. If a page hashistorically produced consistently high quality content items, thequality determination module 240 may assume that any future posts fromthe page are also high quality content items. In some embodiments, thequality determination module may use a verification system that tagscertain content providers as being high quality content producers. Thequality determination module 240 may also consider the reach andengagement rate of a content provider as useful classifiers. The reachof a content provider is the number of users who have a non-zero chanceof seeing a content item from the content provider in their newsfeed.The engagement rate of a content provider is the number of users who arepredicted to interact with a content item posted by the contentprovider. The quality determination module 240 may assume that a contentprovider with a high reach or a high engagement rate will provide highquality content items, because users are more likely to view andinteract with high quality content items.

The quality determination module 240 may also perform lexical andsemantic analysis on a content item to determine whether the contentitem is of high quality. Performing lexical analysis on a content itemmay reveal spelling correctness, grammatical correctness, and vocabularychoice of the content item. A content item that has correct spelling andgrammar and uses sophisticated vocabulary may be assumed to be a highquality content item, since the content item producer likely put forth alarge amount of effort in producing the content item. On the other hand,a content item that has spelling and grammar mistakes and uses simplevocabulary may be considered to be a low quality content item, since thecontent item producer likely did not put forth a large amount of effortto produce the content item. For example, a quality score calculated fora content item may be inversely proportional to the number of spellingand grammar errors the content item contains. Performing semanticanalysis on a content item may reveal the subject matter covered by thecontent item. If a content item discusses one coherent subject matterthroughout, the content item may be considered to be of high quality.However, if the content item discusses several diffuse subject mattersthroughout, the content item may be considered to be of low quality,because the content item is not organized and structured effectively.For example, the quality score calculated for a content item may beinversely proportional to the number of diffuse subject mattersdiscussed in the content item.

The quality determination module 240 may also look at the trendingstatus of a content item as a classifier. A content item may beconsidered to be trending if the content item has received above athreshold number of views, shares, or interactions from users. In otherwords, a content item is trending if the content item is receiving amuch higher distribution and engagement rate than what would bepredicted by the content provider's past history. A trending contentitem may be considered a high quality content item. However, somecontent providers may engage in a practice known as feed gaming. Feedgaming content refers to content items which explicitly ask users tolike, share, or otherwise promote the content item. Content items withfeed gaming content may skew classifiers such as the trendingclassifier, because the content provider is artificially boosting thecontent item's reach and engagement rate. Therefore, the qualitydetermination module 240 may use lexical analysis of the content item todetect feed gaming content. A content item with feed gaming content maybe prevented from being classified as a high quality content item. Thequality detection module 240 may identify spam and meme content asclassifiers, as well. Spam and meme content is content that is not novelor particularly meaningful to users. Spam content may be advertisementsdisguised as genuine appeals for help. Meme content can be banal orhackneyed images, often accompanied by text. Multiple classificationprocesses can be used to detect spam and meme content; identification byuser behavior, identification by user reporting, identification bycontent hashing, and identification by user operations. A content itemthat contains either spam or meme content may be classified as a lowquality content item.

Referring back to FIG. 4, the quality determination module 240 thenextracts a topic 415 from each of the identified high quality contentitems. In some embodiments, the topic extraction may be performed by thetopic extraction engine 235. In some embodiments, the topic extractionengine 235 and the quality determination module 240 may be the sameentity. The content item may be analyzed for key terms and phrasesassociated with common topics. The method used to extract a topic from acontent item is further described above with reference to FIG. 2.

The mapping module 245 then maps the extracted topic to a related page420 (which can include mapping to a meta page associated with therelated page 420). In some embodiments, the quality determination module240 may perform the mapping. In some embodiments, the mapping module 245and quality determination module 240 may be the same entity. The mappingmodule 245 may map the extracted topic to a related page 420 bydetermining that the related page or its meta page also contains thesame topic. Referring to FIG. 3 as an example, the mapping module 245may determine that the page 320 contains the same topic 315 as the highquality content item 310A. Referring back to FIG. 4, the mapping module245 may also map a topic to a related page 420 by identifying URL'srelated to the topic 315 and the related page 320. A topic 315 may beassociated with a URL because the content items 310 or content providers305 from which the topic was extracted shared the URL. In turn, therelated page 320 may be associated with a URL because the related page320 shared the URL by posting a content item. If the topic 315 and therelated page 320 are associated with the same URL, the mapping module245 may map the topic 315 to the related page 320. In some embodiments,the URL is canonicalized by mapping the URL to an authoritative domainand receiving a simpler representation based on the content of the URL.This enables the mapping module 245 to associate different variations ofthe same URL.

The mapping module 245 may also map 420 the extracted topic 315 to therelated page 320 or meta page using hierarchical agglomerativeclustering. The lexical distance is calculated between content items 310from which the topic 315 was extracted and the related page 320. If thelexical distance is short enough, the mapping module 245 may determinethat the related page 320 also contains the topic 315, and may map thetopic 315 to the related page 320. The mapping module 245 may alsomeasure co-production of hashtags. A hashtag is a segment of text withwhich a content provider can mark or tag its content items. If a topic315 is heavily associated with a hashtag, and the related page 320 alsoproduces content items with the same hashtag, the mapping module 245maps the topic 315 to the related page 320. Finally, the mapping module245 may also measure co-interaction rates between the content items 310from which the topic 315 was extracted and the related page 320. If thesame users of the social networking system 140 interact with both thecontent items 310 and the related page 320, the mapping module 245 maydetermine that the content items 310 and the related page 320 share thesame topic 315, and map the topic 315 to the related page 320.

The mapping module 245 then identifies a user who is connected to therelated page 425. Referring to FIG. 3, a user 325 may be connected tothe related page 320 because the user 325 liked or followed the relatedpage 320. In other embodiments, the user 325 may be connected to therelated page 320 via a different mechanism. Referring back to FIG. 4,the mapping module 245 then provides the high quality content item fordisplay to the user 430. The user identified by the mapping module 245is the target audience for the high quality content items. In someembodiments, the mapping module 245 may transmit the high qualitycontent item to the newsfeed manager 230, and the newsfeed manager 230may determine how to display the high quality content item in the user'snewsfeed. In the method described above and depicted in FIG. 4, thesocial networking system 140 provided unconnected, but relevant, contentitems 310, or unconnected stories of interest, to a target user 325. Inother words, the social networking system 140 is able to provide theuser 325 with content items 310 from a page 305 that the user isinterested in, but may not necessarily be connected to.

In some embodiments, the target audience for the high quality contentitem may be more than one step removed from the high quality contentitem. For example, referring back to the related page 320, it may bemapped to a second topic, and the second topic may be mapped to a secondrelated page. The target audience might be a user who is connected tothe second related page. This process is called page chaining and may beused by the mapping module 245 to extend the network of pages and topicsthat are mapped to one another, increasing the number of potential usersto which the high quality content item can be provided.

In some embodiments, the high quality content item may be reviewed by aneditorial review board prior to being transmitted to the newsfeedmanager 230 to be displayed in a user's newsfeed. The editorial reviewboard may be tasked with providing feedback on the quality of thecontent and the appropriateness of targeting. Along with providing analternative measurement to providing people with good content, thiseditorial board may also provide training data for the machine learningprocesses described above with reference to FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example flowchart of a different embodiment of amethod for identifying stories of interest for presentation in a user'snewsfeed. Steps 505-525 of the method depicted in FIG. 5 are similar tosteps 405-425 of the method as described above with reference to FIG. 4.The quality determination module 240 receives 505 a plurality of contentitems 405. The quality determination module 240 determines 510 which ofthe plurality of received content items are high quality content items410. The topic extraction engine 235 extracts 515 the topic from each ofthe high quality content items 415. The mapping module 245 maps 520 theextracted topic to a related page 420, and the mapping module identifies525 a user who is connected to the related page 425. In the embodimentdepicted in FIG. 5, the quality determination module 240 identifies 530other high quality content items with the same topic 530. Referring toFIG. 3, the quality determination module 240 may identify a total of twoquality content items 310A and 310B with the same topic 315. In otherembodiments, the number of quality content items 310 may be greater thantwo. The mapping module 245 then groups or clusters together 535 thehigh quality content items 310 with the same topic 315, and then selectsthe best high quality content item 310 to provide 540 to the user. Themapping module 245 may select 540 the best high quality content item 310from the cluster by using one or more of the machine learningclassifiers described above with reference to FIG. 4. Selecting only oneof the plurality of related high quality content items 310 to provide tothe user prevents multiple repetitive content items from appearing inthe user's newsfeed. For example, page 305A and 4305B may be newschannel pages, and content items 310A and 310B may be news articlesabout the same current event. Instead of displaying two very similarnews stories to the user 325, the method depicted in FIG. 5 allows thesocial networking system 140 to provide only one of the two newsstories.

Multiple pages may be mapped together using a page chaining method. Pagechaining may occur by mapping pages directly to other pages. Forexample, a page A may be mapped to a page B, and page B may be mapped toa page C, thus extending the expanded set of related pages on the socialnetworking system. In some embodiments, a user who is connected to pageC may be provided with a high quality content item posted by page A.Page chaining may also occur by mapping pages to topics, as describedabove with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. For example, a page A may bemapped to a topic T1, and topic T1 may be mapped to a page B.Additionally, page B may be mapped to a topic T2, and topic T2 may bemapped to a page C. In some embodiments, T1 and T2 may be the sametopic. In some embodiments, a user who is connected to page C may beprovided with a high quality content item posted by page A.

CONCLUSION

The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has beenpresented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed.Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that manymodifications and variations are possible in light of the abovedisclosure.

Some portions of this description describe the embodiments of theinvention in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations ofoperations on information. These algorithmic descriptions andrepresentations are commonly used by those skilled in the dataprocessing arts to convey the substance of their work effectively toothers skilled in the art. These operations, while describedfunctionally, computationally, or logically, are understood to beimplemented by computer programs or equivalent electrical circuits,microcode, or the like. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient attimes, to refer to these arrangements of operations as modules, withoutloss of generality. The described operations and their associatedmodules may be embodied in software, firmware, hardware, or anycombinations thereof.

Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein may beperformed or implemented with one or more hardware or software modules,alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, asoftware module is implemented with a computer program productcomprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code,which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or allof the steps, operations, or processes described.

Embodiments of the invention may also relate to an apparatus forperforming the operations herein. This apparatus may be speciallyconstructed for the required purposes, and/or it may comprise ageneral-purpose computing device selectively activated or reconfiguredby a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer programmay be stored in a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storagemedium, or any type of media suitable for storing electronicinstructions, which may be coupled to a computer system bus.Furthermore, any computing systems referred to in the specification mayinclude a single processor or may be architectures employing multipleprocessor designs for increased computing capability.

Embodiments of the invention may also relate to a product that isproduced by a computing process described herein. Such a product maycomprise information resulting from a computing process, where theinformation is stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readablestorage medium and may include any embodiment of a computer programproduct or other data combination described herein.

Finally, the language used in the specification has been principallyselected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not havebeen selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter.It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited notby this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on anapplication based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodimentsof the invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, ofthe scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:receiving a plurality of content items posted on pages of a socialnetworking system; determining, by a processor, from the plurality ofcontent items, a subset of content items determined to be high qualitycontent items, the determination of the high quality content itemscomprising: receiving a user interaction rate associated with each ofthe plurality of content items posted on the social networking system;responsive to the user interaction rate indicating a positive reactionto the content item, including the content item in the subset as a highquality content item, the user interaction rate indicated as positivereaction when the user interaction rate is higher than or equal to athreshold interaction rate; and responsive to the user interaction rateindicating a negative reaction to the content item, excluding thecontent item from the subset, the user interaction rate indicated asnegative reaction when the user interaction rate is lower than thethreshold interaction rate; and for each of the content items of thesubset: extracting a first topic from the content item by analyzingterms and phrases of the content item, mapping, by the processor, theextracted first topic to one or more related pages of the socialnetworking system, the one or more related pages include the extractedfirst topic, and for each of the one or more related pages: identifyinga user of the social networking system connected to the related page,and providing the content item in a newsfeed for display to the user. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the high qualitycontent items further comprises: computing a quality score representinga lexical quality for each of the plurality of content items andselecting the subset of content items with quality score above athreshold quality score, the quality score inversely related to a numberof lexical errors in the content item.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe user interaction rate is associated with how often users of thesocial networking system share or hide the content item with otherusers.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the lexical quality comprisesone or more of spelling correctness, grammatical correctness, andvocabulary choice.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determinationof the high quality content items further comprises performing asemantic analysis on each of the plurality of content items, thesemantic analysis comprises computing a semantic quality scorerepresenting a semantic quality for each of the plurality of contentitems and selecting the subset of content items with semantic qualityscore above a threshold semantic quality score, the semantic qualityscore inversely related to a number of subject matter topics in thecontent item.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of thehigh quality content items further comprises determining whether each ofthe plurality of content items is trending, wherein a content item isdetermined to be trending if the content item has an interaction ratehigher than a threshold interaction rate.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the user is not connected to the page on which the high qualitycontent item is posted.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping theextracted first topic to one or more related pages comprises:identifying a hashtag comprised within the extracted first topic, thehashtag comprising a segment of text; identifying one or more relatedpages that comprise the hashtag; and associating the extracted firsttopic with the one or more related pages.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein mapping the extracted first topic to one or more related pagescomprises: identifying a second user, the second user having interactedwith the page to which the content item was posted; identifying one ormore related pages with which the second user has also interacted; andassociating the extracted first topic to the one or more related pages.10. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to providing thecontent item in the newsfeed for display to the user: transmitting thecontent item to a review agent; and receiving, from the review agent, aresponse indicating approval of the content item.
 11. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the content item associated with the related page is ahigh quality content item, and wherein the method further comprises:identifying one or more additional high quality content items; for eachof the one or more additional high quality content items: extracting asecond topic from the additional high quality content item; anddetermining that the extracted second topic is related to the extractedfirst topic; and prior to providing the high quality content itemassociated with the related page for display to the user: clustering thehigh quality content item with the one or more additional high qualitycontent items, and selecting the high quality content item as a bestcontent item of the cluster for display to the user, the best contentitem comprising higher threshold number of positive quality indicatorsthan the one or more additional high quality content items.
 12. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the mapping comprises a further mapping ofthe related pages to one or more additional pages.
 13. A computerprogram product comprising a computer-readable storage medium containingcomputer program code for: receiving a plurality of content items postedon pages of a social networking system; determining, by a processor,from the plurality of content items, a subset of content itemsdetermined to be high quality content items, the determination of thehigh quality content items comprising: receiving a user interaction rateassociated with each of the plurality of content items posted on thesocial networking system; responsive to the user interaction rateindicating a positive reaction to the content item, including thecontent item in the subset as a high quality content item, the userinteraction rate indicated as positive reaction when the userinteraction rate is higher than or equal to a threshold interactionrate; and responsive to the user interaction rate indicating a negativereaction to the content item, excluding the content item from thesubset, the user interaction rate indicated as negative reaction whenthe user interaction rate is lower than the threshold interaction rate;and for each of the content items of the subset: extracting a firsttopic from the content item by analyzing terms and phrases of thecontent item, mapping, by the processor, the extracted first topic toone or more related pages of the social networking system, the one ormore related pages include the extracted first topic, and for each ofthe one or more related pages: identifying a user of the socialnetworking system connected to the related page, and providing thecontent item in a newsfeed for display to the user.
 14. The computerprogram product of claim 13, wherein the determination of the highquality content items further comprises: computing a quality scorerepresenting a lexical quality for each of the plurality of contentitems and selecting the subset of content items with quality score abovea threshold quality score, the quality score inversely related to anumber of lexical errors in the content item.
 15. The computer programproduct of claim 13, wherein the user interaction rate is associatedwith how often users of the social networking system share or hide thecontent item with other users.
 16. The computer program product of claim14, wherein the lexical quality comprises one or more of spellingcorrectness, grammatical correctness, and vocabulary choice.
 17. Thecomputer program product of claim 13, wherein the determination of thehigh quality content items further comprises performing a semanticanalysis on each of the plurality of content items, the semanticanalysis comprises computing a semantic quality score representing asemantic quality for each of the plurality of content items andselecting the subset of content items with semantic quality score abovea threshold semantic quality score, the semantic quality score inverselyrelated to a number of subject matter topics in the content item. 18.The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the user is notconnected to the page on which the high quality content item is posted.19. The computer program product of claim 13, the computer-readablestorage medium further storing instructions for: prior to providing thecontent item in the newsfeed for display to the user: transmitting thecontent item to a review agent; and receiving, from the review agent, aresponse indicating approval of the content item.
 20. The computerprogram product of claim 13, wherein the content item associated withthe related page is a high quality content item, and wherein thecomputer-readable storage medium further stores instructions for:identifying one or more additional high quality content items; for eachof the one or more additional high quality content items: extracting asecond topic from the additional high quality content item; determiningthat the extracted second topic is related to the extracted first topic;and prior to providing the high quality content item associated with therelated page for display to the user: clustering the high qualitycontent item with the one or more additional high quality content items,and selecting the high quality content item as a best content item ofthe cluster for display to the user, the best content item comprisinghigher threshold number of positive quality indicators than the one ormore additional high quality content items.
 21. The method of claim 2,wherein the determination of the high quality content items furthercomprises computing the quality score representing the lexical qualityusing trained machine learning classifiers, the machine learningclassifiers trained with content items posted on pages of the socialnetworking system.